Architecture whitepaper
Architecture whitepaper (public overview)
GembaOS is a zero-trust governance runtime for enterprise AI agents: policy-decided access, single-use clearance tokens bound to exact parameters, and accountable human approvals, running on-premises or in a private VPC. This page is the public reading edition of the GembaOS enterprise architecture whitepaper (document GEMBA-WP-2026-PUB, v1.0.0, 16 September 2026), written for CISOs, CTOs, CIOs, enterprise architects and risk, compliance and audit professionals. The full edition, with the data structures, the clearance issuance algorithm, the adapter specification and the red-team report, is available on request.
Why do enterprises keep agents out of production?
GembaOS starts from one observation: what keeps agents out of ERP systems, production databases and privileged domains is not the model’s reasoning, but that the existing stack cannot answer four questions a risk committee asks.
- Authorization: who authorized each write and each configuration change the agent made?
- Accountability: when prompt injection or a hallucination causes a loss, who is the accountable person?
- Data boundary: which sensitive fields did the agent read across its turns without authorization?
- Replay: how do we prove to a regulator or to legal audit that every step of the decision chain reproduces deterministically?
API gateways, LLM guardrails and system-prompt constraints do not answer them. They carry no approval semantics, and they assume “trust the model first, intercept after the incident”. While an agent only produced text, the reader carried the risk; once it can call APIs, text-level defenses are not enough: a guardrail that is bypassed exposes every API behind it, and an agent holding a long-lived credential can write beyond its brief while planning on its own.
| Approach | Typical form | Strength | Blind spot for agent writes |
|---|---|---|---|
| LLM firewall | Prompt detection, output classifiers | Blocks common malicious text | Wrong layer: it does not control API permissions, and a fooled model still holds the credential |
| API gateway | Kong, Apigee, OAuth 2.0 | Traffic control, routing, long-lived key validation | No human accountability chain: it cannot tell a hallucination from a manager’s approval, and cannot authorize one call once |
| Open-source agent framework | LangGraph, CrewAI, Dify | Flexible tool orchestration and planning | Optimistic by default: no mandatory deterministic stop, no cryptographic release |
| AI control-plane SaaS | Shadow-AI discovery, compliance forms | Usage monitoring and inventory | Detached from the runtime: approval and execution are decoupled, so parameters can change after approval |
| GembaOS | Zero-trust governance runtime | Deterministic governance across the whole lifecycle | Brings the authority table, single-use clearance, host-side execution and hash-chained audit into one runtime |
What are the architecture principles?
GembaOS assumes no implicit trust: instead of relying on the model’s good behavior, it compiles the company’s authority rules, maker-checker review, separation of duties and regulatory baseline into rules a machine enforces deterministically. Four principles run through the runtime.
- Strict on-behalf-of delegation: when an agent acts for an employee, its effective permission is the intersection of the agent’s role, the employee’s own authority and the boundary the current playbook declares. Financial data the employee may not see, the agent cannot read for them; a purchase order the employee may not approve, the agent cannot approve for them. This is On-Behalf-Of.
- No accountability gap: there is no unowned autonomous action. Every work item, every read and every approval request is bound to a natural person in the company’s IAM or SSO.
- Data boundary at the gateway: unauthorized fields and unnecessary context are trimmed at the capability gateway and never enter the model’s context; database reads go only through read-only views with a declared column list and parameterized procedures, never free-form SQL.
- Model-agnostic, zero drift: approval rules, business contracts and security boundaries are independent of the model. Replacing a self-hosted model with a cloud frontier model, or the reverse, leaves the governance rules unchanged; shadow replay and golden tests show the differences before the switch.
How does the four-gate engine work?
GembaOS passes every sensitive state change through four gates in order: policy decision, signature chain, single-use clearance, and the host’s reality check.
| Gate | Name | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Policy decision | The policy engine compiles the company’s Delegation of Authority into deterministic pure functions and, from the action type, the amount threshold and the target, decides whether to pass, route to a manager, or block. The same input yields the same decision at any time |
| 2 | Signature chain | The agent can only be the maker; a business owner is the checker and signs through the company SSO with a WebAuthn passkey. The signature chain records who, when, why and what was seen |
| 3 | Single-use clearance | After approval the gateway issues a short-lived clearance token bound to the hash of the call’s arguments (argsHash): a one-bit change invalidates it, and one execution consumes it |
| 4 | Host reality check | After approval the model leaves the call path and a trusted host takes over. Before calling the backend the host re-reads the real state (order status, account balance, the branch commit) and compares it with the facts on the approval request; if it has changed, execution stops, the clearance is voided and the work item is returned |
How are data, artifacts and the audit record governed?
GembaOS labels every record with a classification, a business domain and a data residency, and keeps every event of a work item in an append-only hash chain.
- Artifact classification: code changes and reports an agent drafts are managed as governed artifacts. A ChangeSet takes the highest classification of the files it touches; an artifact leaving the sandbox (a merge, a delivery, an outbound message) is a governed action that passes the same policy decision and signature.
- Meeting room and knowledge boundary: a raw meeting transcript never becomes an instruction directly; only the scribe agent drafts minutes, and only after the chair signs them off do they become a work item. A confidential document the caller may not read answers “not found”, exactly as a document that does not exist, so nothing can be probed.
- Hash-chained audit record: every event of a work item is appended and linked by a cryptographic hash chain; a modification, deletion or reordering breaks the chain, and integrity can be verified at any time. The log is an ordinary file the company may keep on WORM storage of its choice for forensic and non-repudiation requirements; GembaOS ships no WORM storage of its own. Audit replay re-runs recorded decisions against the current policy.
How do existing systems and existing agents connect?
GembaOS wraps existing systems as governed capabilities through modular adapters, so nothing is rewritten, and interoperates with existing assistants and agent frameworks through MCP in both directions.
| System type | How it connects |
|---|---|
| Modern APIs and SaaS | A capability pack drafted from the OpenAPI specification; credentials held at the gateway |
| Legacy financial and core systems | SOAP, XML and fixed-length message adapters; the raw message is hashed into evidence |
| Databases | Only restricted read-only views and an allow-list of parameterized stored procedures |
| File batches | Fixed-layout files on a shared drive, a file gateway or an SFTP mount: generate, approve, deliver and reconcile the receipt |
| Legacy clients without an API | An isolated worker over pinned mutual TLS; a dropped connection voids the clearance |
- Outbound: a legacy system becomes a standard MCP tool that the company’s existing Claude, Copilot or Cursor can call; every call passes the four gates.
- Inbound (bring your own agent): an agent built on LangGraph, Dify or a similar framework points its tool endpoint at the GembaOS gateway and gains approvals and clearances without changing its orchestration code.
Can we start before the SOPs are written?
The GembaOS Gap Register lets a company start safely without a complete set of procedures: when an agent meets an undefined procedure or boundary, it reports the gap and does not overstep.
- The agent hits an undefined procedure or boundary, records the gap with a proposed draft, and does not guess.
- The register merges gaps of the same kind and routes them, on a schedule, to the desk of the responsible owner.
- The owner reviews on the review desk with a passkey; an approved procedure enters the governed knowledge library and the gap closes.
In daily operation the agents thereby turn the company’s scattered tacit knowledge into structured, compliant assets.
How do the controls map to compliance frameworks?
GembaOS maps the control requirements of the main cybersecurity, AI and financial-regulation frameworks to the mechanisms it has built; the mapping is our own assessment and has not been reviewed by an audit firm. As of 16 September 2026 GembaOS holds no SOC 2, ISO 27001 or ISO 42001 certification. We provide the design and the test evidence; the assessment is the company’s and its auditors’.
| Framework | Control requirement | GembaOS mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| NIST AI RMF 1.0 | AI accountability, threat mapping, risk measurement, emergency intervention | On-behalf-of delegation, playbook boundaries, golden regression, atomic clearance interruption |
| NIST SP 800-207 | Zero trust: dynamic session authorization, least privilege, continuous monitoring | No static long-lived credentials, short-lived single-use clearances, append-only hash-chained audit log |
| OWASP Top 10 for LLM | Prompt injection (LLM01), information disclosure (LLM02), excessive agency (LLM06) | External content treated as labeled data, field-level trimming at the gateway, four hard gates, host-side execution |
| SOC 2 / ISO 42001 (control reference, not a certification) | Logical access (CC6.1), boundary protection (CC6.6), security incident management (CC7.2) | Private or on-premises deployment, separation of duties, hash-chained audit record, detection and recording of suspicious input |
| HKMA GenAI circular, SPM TM-E-1 | Meaningful human involvement and a full audit trail for high-risk financial operations | Maker-checker signature chain, WebAuthn passkey signatures, deterministic audit replay |
| Hong Kong PDPO | Access, erasure and locality | Export of a data subject’s work items and events; a signed erasure record on deletion, refused while a legal hold stands; a residency label on every record |
| Japan FISC security guidelines | Access control, two-factor privileged operations, long-term tamper-proof log storage | Enforced separation of duties, approver and operator separation, configurable retention (kept forever by default), logs placed on WORM media of the company’s choice |
How does the six-week pilot run?
GembaOS proves business value on a standard six-week path with the least organizational friction; this is the design partner program.
| Week | What happens |
|---|---|
| 1 to 2 | Connect the company SSO and import the directory; choose the first scenario (an IT service desk or code review is recommended); write down and confirm the authority table |
| 3 to 4 | Connect two or three target systems; run the 20 red-team cases (prompt injection, parameter tampering, privilege escalation, credential exfiltration); open the Gap Register and settle the first procedures |
| 5 | Shadow mode: agents run in production while every sensitive action is signed by an owner, proving the clearance and the reality check |
| 6 | Tiered release: low-risk actions pass automatically step by step; the first weekly governance and audit report is produced and the pilot is delivered |
How do the terms line up across languages?
GembaOS uses one set of core terms in its console, its policies and its documents in every language; the glossary defines each term once.
| Core concept | Traditional Chinese (HK) | English | Japanese |
|---|---|---|---|
| WorkItem | 工單 | Work Item | 作業票 |
| ApprovalRequest | 審批單 | Approval Request | 稟議書 |
| SignatureChain | 簽署鏈 | Signature Chain | 押印チェーン |
| AuthorityMatrix | 授權表(DOA) | Delegation of Authority | 職務権限規程 |
| ClearanceToken | 單次放行令 | Clearance Token | 一次性許可証 |
| PreflightAssertion | 執行前現狀核對 | Preflight check | 実行前現況照合 |
| GapRegister | 缺口台賬 | Gap Register | 不足台帳 |
| KnowledgeReview | 規程審定 | Knowledge Review | 規程審定 |
| Desk | 管理桌面 | Governance Desk | 私の机 |
| Capability | 受治業務能力 | Governed Capability | 統制対象機能 |
| Artifact | 業務產出物 | Governed Artifact | 業務成果物 |
What is in the full edition, and how do we get it?
The full technical whitepaper contains the detailed data structures (JSON Schema), the clearance issuance algorithm, the adapter specification and the complete report of the 20 red-team cases; it is sent against a work email address. The point of bringing agents into a company is a workforce that is efficient, disciplined and bounded: however clever the model, inside a company it follows the authority matrix and the approval process.
- Request the full technical whitepaper (choose “Technical whitepaper” on the form)
- Book a 30-minute architecture consultation
- Apply to the design partner program
Related: security and deployment, the glossary, the FAQ.
Last updated: · GembaOS v0.2