Architecture whitepaper

Architecture whitepaper (public overview)

GembaOS is a zero-trust governance runtime for enterprise AI agents: policy-decided access, single-use clearance tokens bound to exact parameters, and accountable human approvals, running on-premises or in a private VPC. This page is the public reading edition of the GembaOS enterprise architecture whitepaper (document GEMBA-WP-2026-PUB, v1.0.0, 16 September 2026), written for CISOs, CTOs, CIOs, enterprise architects and risk, compliance and audit professionals. The full edition, with the data structures, the clearance issuance algorithm, the adapter specification and the red-team report, is available on request.

Why do enterprises keep agents out of production?

GembaOS starts from one observation: what keeps agents out of ERP systems, production databases and privileged domains is not the model’s reasoning, but that the existing stack cannot answer four questions a risk committee asks.

  1. Authorization: who authorized each write and each configuration change the agent made?
  2. Accountability: when prompt injection or a hallucination causes a loss, who is the accountable person?
  3. Data boundary: which sensitive fields did the agent read across its turns without authorization?
  4. Replay: how do we prove to a regulator or to legal audit that every step of the decision chain reproduces deterministically?

API gateways, LLM guardrails and system-prompt constraints do not answer them. They carry no approval semantics, and they assume “trust the model first, intercept after the incident”. While an agent only produced text, the reader carried the risk; once it can call APIs, text-level defenses are not enough: a guardrail that is bypassed exposes every API behind it, and an agent holding a long-lived credential can write beyond its brief while planning on its own.

ApproachTypical formStrengthBlind spot for agent writes
LLM firewallPrompt detection, output classifiersBlocks common malicious textWrong layer: it does not control API permissions, and a fooled model still holds the credential
API gatewayKong, Apigee, OAuth 2.0Traffic control, routing, long-lived key validationNo human accountability chain: it cannot tell a hallucination from a manager’s approval, and cannot authorize one call once
Open-source agent frameworkLangGraph, CrewAI, DifyFlexible tool orchestration and planningOptimistic by default: no mandatory deterministic stop, no cryptographic release
AI control-plane SaaSShadow-AI discovery, compliance formsUsage monitoring and inventoryDetached from the runtime: approval and execution are decoupled, so parameters can change after approval
GembaOSZero-trust governance runtimeDeterministic governance across the whole lifecycleBrings the authority table, single-use clearance, host-side execution and hash-chained audit into one runtime

What are the architecture principles?

GembaOS assumes no implicit trust: instead of relying on the model’s good behavior, it compiles the company’s authority rules, maker-checker review, separation of duties and regulatory baseline into rules a machine enforces deterministically. Four principles run through the runtime.

How does the four-gate engine work?

GembaOS passes every sensitive state change through four gates in order: policy decision, signature chain, single-use clearance, and the host’s reality check.

GateNameWhat it does
1Policy decisionThe policy engine compiles the company’s Delegation of Authority into deterministic pure functions and, from the action type, the amount threshold and the target, decides whether to pass, route to a manager, or block. The same input yields the same decision at any time
2Signature chainThe agent can only be the maker; a business owner is the checker and signs through the company SSO with a WebAuthn passkey. The signature chain records who, when, why and what was seen
3Single-use clearanceAfter approval the gateway issues a short-lived clearance token bound to the hash of the call’s arguments (argsHash): a one-bit change invalidates it, and one execution consumes it
4Host reality checkAfter approval the model leaves the call path and a trusted host takes over. Before calling the backend the host re-reads the real state (order status, account balance, the branch commit) and compares it with the facts on the approval request; if it has changed, execution stops, the clearance is voided and the work item is returned

How are data, artifacts and the audit record governed?

GembaOS labels every record with a classification, a business domain and a data residency, and keeps every event of a work item in an append-only hash chain.

How do existing systems and existing agents connect?

GembaOS wraps existing systems as governed capabilities through modular adapters, so nothing is rewritten, and interoperates with existing assistants and agent frameworks through MCP in both directions.

System typeHow it connects
Modern APIs and SaaSA capability pack drafted from the OpenAPI specification; credentials held at the gateway
Legacy financial and core systemsSOAP, XML and fixed-length message adapters; the raw message is hashed into evidence
DatabasesOnly restricted read-only views and an allow-list of parameterized stored procedures
File batchesFixed-layout files on a shared drive, a file gateway or an SFTP mount: generate, approve, deliver and reconcile the receipt
Legacy clients without an APIAn isolated worker over pinned mutual TLS; a dropped connection voids the clearance

Can we start before the SOPs are written?

The GembaOS Gap Register lets a company start safely without a complete set of procedures: when an agent meets an undefined procedure or boundary, it reports the gap and does not overstep.

  1. The agent hits an undefined procedure or boundary, records the gap with a proposed draft, and does not guess.
  2. The register merges gaps of the same kind and routes them, on a schedule, to the desk of the responsible owner.
  3. The owner reviews on the review desk with a passkey; an approved procedure enters the governed knowledge library and the gap closes.

In daily operation the agents thereby turn the company’s scattered tacit knowledge into structured, compliant assets.

How do the controls map to compliance frameworks?

GembaOS maps the control requirements of the main cybersecurity, AI and financial-regulation frameworks to the mechanisms it has built; the mapping is our own assessment and has not been reviewed by an audit firm. As of 16 September 2026 GembaOS holds no SOC 2, ISO 27001 or ISO 42001 certification. We provide the design and the test evidence; the assessment is the company’s and its auditors’.

FrameworkControl requirementGembaOS mechanism
NIST AI RMF 1.0AI accountability, threat mapping, risk measurement, emergency interventionOn-behalf-of delegation, playbook boundaries, golden regression, atomic clearance interruption
NIST SP 800-207Zero trust: dynamic session authorization, least privilege, continuous monitoringNo static long-lived credentials, short-lived single-use clearances, append-only hash-chained audit log
OWASP Top 10 for LLMPrompt injection (LLM01), information disclosure (LLM02), excessive agency (LLM06)External content treated as labeled data, field-level trimming at the gateway, four hard gates, host-side execution
SOC 2 / ISO 42001 (control reference, not a certification)Logical access (CC6.1), boundary protection (CC6.6), security incident management (CC7.2)Private or on-premises deployment, separation of duties, hash-chained audit record, detection and recording of suspicious input
HKMA GenAI circular, SPM TM-E-1Meaningful human involvement and a full audit trail for high-risk financial operationsMaker-checker signature chain, WebAuthn passkey signatures, deterministic audit replay
Hong Kong PDPOAccess, erasure and localityExport of a data subject’s work items and events; a signed erasure record on deletion, refused while a legal hold stands; a residency label on every record
Japan FISC security guidelinesAccess control, two-factor privileged operations, long-term tamper-proof log storageEnforced separation of duties, approver and operator separation, configurable retention (kept forever by default), logs placed on WORM media of the company’s choice

How does the six-week pilot run?

GembaOS proves business value on a standard six-week path with the least organizational friction; this is the design partner program.

WeekWhat happens
1 to 2Connect the company SSO and import the directory; choose the first scenario (an IT service desk or code review is recommended); write down and confirm the authority table
3 to 4Connect two or three target systems; run the 20 red-team cases (prompt injection, parameter tampering, privilege escalation, credential exfiltration); open the Gap Register and settle the first procedures
5Shadow mode: agents run in production while every sensitive action is signed by an owner, proving the clearance and the reality check
6Tiered release: low-risk actions pass automatically step by step; the first weekly governance and audit report is produced and the pilot is delivered

How do the terms line up across languages?

GembaOS uses one set of core terms in its console, its policies and its documents in every language; the glossary defines each term once.

Core conceptTraditional Chinese (HK)EnglishJapanese
WorkItem工單Work Item作業票
ApprovalRequest審批單Approval Request稟議書
SignatureChain簽署鏈Signature Chain押印チェーン
AuthorityMatrix授權表(DOA)Delegation of Authority職務権限規程
ClearanceToken單次放行令Clearance Token一次性許可証
PreflightAssertion執行前現狀核對Preflight check実行前現況照合
GapRegister缺口台賬Gap Register不足台帳
KnowledgeReview規程審定Knowledge Review規程審定
Desk管理桌面Governance Desk私の机
Capability受治業務能力Governed Capability統制対象機能
Artifact業務產出物Governed Artifact業務成果物

What is in the full edition, and how do we get it?

The full technical whitepaper contains the detailed data structures (JSON Schema), the clearance issuance algorithm, the adapter specification and the complete report of the 20 red-team cases; it is sent against a work email address. The point of bringing agents into a company is a workforce that is efficient, disciplined and bounded: however clever the model, inside a company it follows the authority matrix and the approval process.

Related: security and deployment, the glossary, the FAQ.

Last updated: · GembaOS v0.2